Looking after the needs of those in hiding was difficult. Food, clothing, and heating fuel were rationed on account of the war and could only be obtained with ration coupons. Those in hiding had to…
From late 1941 on, if Jews in hiding were discovered they were usually deported to an extermination camp. In the German-occupied countries of Eastern Europe, many were shot directly after their…
Strike
After the Germans occupied the Netherlands in May 1940, Jews were deprived of their rights, robbed of their possessions, and often incarcerated in assembly camps. At first there were no…
Uprising in the Ghetto
After the first mass deportations from the Warsaw Ghetto in the summer of 1942, several Jewish resistance groups started planning an armed struggle against the liquidation of…
Opposing the Murders
In mid-August of 1941, members of the mobile killing unit Einsatzgruppe C of the chief of the Security Police and the SD (Security Service) murdered the Jewish population in…
Despite the mortal danger, there were Jews who resisted. They saved themselves from murder in ghettos and extermination camps, hid others in danger, or helped them flee abroad. They sought…
Most rescue attempts involved many helpers. At first it was often individuals who helped Jews in an urgent threatening situation, who then in turn sought support from their environment. Sometimes…
Anyone who helped people suffering persecution was opposing mainstream society. Many helpers acted on their own initiative and actively offered assistance to Jews. Others helped because they knew…
Changing Quarters
Many of those in hiding had to change their quarters often because people in their neighborhood grew suspicious or because helpers feared being discovered. Marie Jalowicz of…
Disguises and Identities
Most Jews who went underground did not spend all their time in hiding, but instead tried to assume a false, non-Jewish identity. In order to not attract attention, it was…
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