Jews who went underground had to spend years pretending to be someone else. Relieved when they could finally reassume their true identity, they were then faced with the challenge of starting a new…
Identity papers were absolutely indispensable for someone fleeing or living under an assumed name. In order to feign a credible identity, various documents such as ID cards, passports, baptismal…
As of 1941 it was virtually impossible to leave Germany and its allied and occupied countries legally. Europe’s borders were sealed and heavily guarded. Brave people helped Jews escape. The most…
Looking after the needs of those in hiding was difficult. Food, clothing, and heating fuel were rationed on account of the war and could only be obtained with ration coupons. Those in hiding had to…
From late 1941 on, if Jews in hiding were discovered they were usually deported to an extermination camp. In the German-occupied countries of Eastern Europe, many were shot directly after their…
Strike
After the Germans occupied the Netherlands in May 1940, Jews were deprived of their rights, robbed of their possessions, and often incarcerated in assembly camps. At first there were no…
Uprising in the Ghetto
After the first mass deportations from the Warsaw Ghetto in the summer of 1942, several Jewish resistance groups started planning an armed struggle against the liquidation of…
Opposing the Murders
In mid-August of 1941, members of the mobile killing unit Einsatzgruppe C of the chief of the Security Police and the SD (Security Service) murdered the Jewish population in…
Despite the mortal danger, there were Jews who resisted. They saved themselves from murder in ghettos and extermination camps, hid others in danger, or helped them flee abroad. They sought…
Most rescue attempts involved many helpers. At first it was often individuals who helped Jews in an urgent threatening situation, who then in turn sought support from their environment. Sometimes…
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