Hans Ackermann was born intersex and initially grew up as a girl. In 1922, by then working in administration, he received official permission to live as a man.
Hans and his older sister Elsa, both…
Because he was a Jew, Manfred Alexander had to perform forced labor from the summer of 1940, clearing bomb-damaged buildings in the “Construction Staff Speer.” Along with his parents and an aunt, the…
During World War II, Helene Lohse lived with her mother Lucie Gottberg in Berlin. Her Jewish fiancé Manfred Alexander was deported to Minsk on November 14, 1941; with the aid of a German railroad…
Johanna Altmann lived with her parents and her sister Susanne in Vienna. After Austria’s annexation, they fled to Krakow, continuing to Soviet-occupied Lemberg in the fall of 1939. When the Wehrmacht…
Susanne Altmann lived with her parents and her sister Johanna in Vienna. After Austria’s annexation they fled to Krakow and continued to Soviet-occupied Lemberg in the fall of 1939. When the…
Yerucham Apfel came from the southern Polish town of Mielec. On March 9, 1942, he was separated from his parents by the occupying regime and had to perform forced labor in an airplane factory. As the…
Gertraud Hagemann grew up with her family in Havelberg, a small town 60 miles (100 km) from Berlin. Her aunt Ella Friedlieb also lived in their household. In Berlin, where Gertraud’s father Gerhard…
Arno Bach lived in Niederschmiedeberg in the Ore Mountains region with his wife Margarete and worked as a stoker in a paper factory, which was classed as essential for the war. He was opposed to the…
Margarete Bach lived in Niederschmiedeberg in the Ore Mountains region. Her husband Arno worked as a stoker in a paper factory, classed as essential for the war. He was opposed to the Nazi regime. On…
From 1917, the librarian Gerta Bartels lived in her house in Berlin-Wilmersdorf with her Jewish partner Elsa Danziger. Due to their relationship, Bartels was transferred to a different post in…
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