Samuel Bak lived with his parents Mitzia and Jonas Bak in Wilna (now Vilnius, Lithuania). His artistic talents were fostered from a young age. After German troops occupied Wilna in June 1941, Samuel…
In June 1941, German and Romanian troops occupied Bessarabia (now Moldavia). The Jews living in the region were taken to Transnistria soon afterward. Maria and Mikhail Shnaidman managed to escape…
Karl Plagge was drafted to the Wehrmacht as an engineer officer in 1939. In German-occupied Wilna (now Vilnius, Lithuania) from 1941, he ran an army vehicle pool (HKP), where military vehicles were…
Maya Levina was six years old when Geman troops occupied Minsk in June 1941. She and her family had to move into the ghetto. After the murder of her parents Isaak and Sima Levin and other relatives,…
In June 1941 German troops occupied Minsk. Yosif Levin, his parents, and his four siblings were made to move into a ghetto. Eleven-year-old Yosif and his father Isaak Levin had to perform forced…
Aron Jedwab was born September 20, 1943, in a haystack in Lintelo, where his parents were hiding. His parents had gone into hiding with farmers in October 1942 to evade deportation. The boy’s mother…
Yitzack Jedwab was a rabbi in the Orthodox Jewish community in Aalten. The deportations began in July 1942. Jedwab and his wife went into hiding in October 1942, staying with the Veldboom farmers in…
Piet Hoogenkamp was a student of medicine in Utrecht. He refused to sign a declaration of loyalty to the German occupiers and fled to Aalten to join the resistance fighter Dr. Joop der Weduwen. The…
Ben Zion Kalb grew up in a religious Jewish family in southern Poland. The German Wehrmacht occupied his home town of Nowy Targ in November 1939. Kalb was beaten by German soldiers, and fled to…
Bernard Aufrychter was born in Oberhausen, Germany, in 1921. In 1924, he and his originally Polish family moved to Charleroi in Belgium. After the German invasion of Belgium in May 1940, the…
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