Assisting Jews suffering persecution was a key form of resistance against Nazism. It challenged the fundamental political aim of the Nazi regime, which was to murder all Jews in Europe. Some people also resisted the persecution of the Jews in other ways. In some countries there were pro- tests against discrimination and deportations. In isolated cases, people managed to circulate information internationally about the mass murder of the Jewish population.

Especially in Eastern Europe, Jews also resisted the Nazis and their collaborators in armed struggle, carrying out attacks against the German occupiers. This meant taking life-threatening risks. Acts of resistance sometimes failed or had no impact, but they strengthened the Jews’ will to survive.